So how does it work? Every time you take a shot, there is an opening at the lens, which opens up to allow light to enter the sensor. For each shot you take, the opening closes for the photo.
How is it measured?
It's measured in f-stops, and it is shown like this: f/number, e.g. f/1.4. The smaller the number the bigger the lens are open. Moving from one f-stop to the above or below, is halving or doubling in number and size, which means it's letting in either more or less light into the sensor.
How does this element affect photos?
By letting in less light (small f-stop, e.g. f/16), it will show more of the shot in focus. By letting in more light (large f-stop, e.g. f/3.5), it will put most of the shot in blur, keeping the selected part (chosen by you) in focus.
At f/3.5, only the first row is in focus
At f/5.6, the first row is in focus, and the second row is starting to become sharp
At f/8.0, the second row is in focus, and the third row are beginning to become sharp, figures are recognisable
At f/16, third row is in focus, and the fourth row is starting to come sharp
At f/22, everything on the shot is in focus. All detail is on each figure.
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